Vaginismus
Causes of vaginismus
There are many reasons why the vaginal musclestighten against a woman's will.But it isn't always clear each time why this might have happened.
Sexual issues
Vaginismus is often associated with past sexual experiences or other sexual issues.
For example, an unpleasant experience at a young age, such as a clumsy, painful sexual encounter or gynaecological examination, can make the body respond in a protective way to preventfurther pain.
Having difficulty understandingsex, or having feelings of shame or guilt around sex, could also contribute to vaginismus. For example, you might feel uncomfortable with sex if you:
- have hada very strict upbringing whereit was never discussed
- have been told that sexual desire is wrong or that sex is painful
- areaffected by cultural or religious taboos around sex
Sexual abuse, assault or rapemay alsosometimes lead tovaginismus.
Pain during sex
Experiencing pain during sex (dyspareunia) can contribute to vaginismus.
The following may all cause painful sexual intercourse:
- provoked Vulvodynia (persistent vulval pain) (vestibulodynia) oversensitive nerves at the opening of the vagina
- previous surgery to the genital area such as an episiotomy during childbirth
- an infection of the genital area such as candidiasis ( thrush ), genital herpes ,or trichomoniasis, which is a sexually transmitted infection (STI) caused by a parasite
- radiotherapy to the pelvic area
- vaginal dryness which cansometimes occur when takingthe oral contraceptive pill or after the menopause
- lack of sexual arousal
- side effects of some medicines
- small tears at the opening to the vagina
Endometriosis and pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) can also cause pain during sex, although the pain tends to be felt deeper within the pelvis.
Other causes
Other possible causes of vaginismus may include:
- fear that your vagina is too small for sexual intercourse
- fear of getting pregnant
- damage to the vagina and surrounding muscles during childbirth
- relationship problems
- tiredness or depression
Medically Reviewed by a doctor on 30 Nov 2016
Introduction
Vaginismus is the term used to describe recurrent or persistent involuntary tightening of muscles around the vagina whenever penetration is attempted.
Symptoms of vaginismus
The main symptom of vaginismus is tightening of the vagina, which can make penetration difficult or even impossible.
Causes of vaginismus
There are many reasons why the vaginal muscles tighten against a woman's will. But it isn't always clear each time why this might have happened.
Diagnosing vaginismus
You should see your GP if you have symptoms of vaginismus.
Treating vaginismus
Treatment for vaginismus will largely depend on what's causing it.
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