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Introduction XXY (Klinefelter syndrome)
XXY (Klinefelter syndrome)Klinefelter syndrome (sometimes called Klinefelter's, KS or XXY) is where boys and men are born with an extra X chromosome. Chromosomes are packages of genes found in every cell in the body. Two types of chromosome, called the sex chromosomes, determine the genetic sex of a baby. These are named either X or Y. Usually, a female baby has two X
Causes of Klinefelter syndrome XXY (Klinefelter syndrome)
XXY (Klinefelter syndrome)Klinefelter syndrome is caused by an additional X chromosome. This chromosome carries extra copies of genes, which interfere with the development of the testicles and mean they produce less testosterone (male sex hormone) than usual. The extra genetic information may either be carried in every cell in the body or it may only affect some cells
What happens during a knee replacement procedure Knee replacement
Knee replacementYou'll usually be admitted to hospital on the day of your operation. The surgeon and anaesthetist will usually come and see you to discuss what will happen and answer any questions you have. Most people would have seen their surgeon at a pre-assessment clinic and hadthe chance to discuss any relevant details of the operation. Asenior-level
Risks Knee replacement
Knee replacementAs with any operation, knee replacement surgery has risks as well as benefits. Most people who have a knee replacement don't experience serious complications. Afterhaving aknee replacement, contact your doctor if: you develop hot, reddened, hard or painful areas in your legs in the first few weeks after your operation although this may just
Diagnosing Kawasaki disease Kawasaki disease
Kawasaki diseaseThere's no single test todiagnose Kawasaki disease. Your GP will confirmthe condition by looking at your child's symptoms and carrying out a physical examination. The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) states that your child may have Kawasaki disease if they have a high temperature (fever) of 38C (100.4F) or above for
Diagnosis Kidney cancer
Kidney cancerSee your GP if you have symptoms of kidney cancer . They will do some simple checks and can refer you for further tests if necessary. Seeing your GP Your GP may: ask you about the symptoms you've been having carry out a simple examination to feel for any lumps or swelling test a sample of your pee for infections or bloodany bloodwon't always be
Causes Kidney stones
Kidney stonesKidney stones are usually formed following a build-up of certain chemicals in the body. This build-upmay be any of the following: calcium ammonia uric acid a waste product produced when the body breaks down food to use as energy cysteine an amino acid that helps to build protein Certain medical conditions can lead to an unusually high
Prevention Kidney stones
Kidney stonesThe best way of preventing kidney stones is to make sure you drink plenty of water each day to avoid becoming dehydrated. Keeping your urine diluted helps to stop waste products getting too concentrated and forming stones. You can tell how diluted your urine is by looking at its colour. The darker your urine is, the more concentrated it is.
What are the symptoms of kidney stones? Kidney stones
Kidney stonesThe presence of stones in the urinary system, in the kidney, ureter and in the urinary bladder can cause abdominal pain. Symptoms of Kidney Stones Localized pain depending on the positioning of the stone Pain during urination Cloudy urine Odd-smelling urine A need to urinate more frequently than usual If blood is present in the urine due to
Symptoms of kidney infection Pyelonephritis
PyelonephritisThe symptoms of a kidney infection usually develop quite quickly over a few hours or days. Common symptomsinclude: pain and discomfort in your side, lower backor around your genitals high temperature (it may reach 39.5C or 103.1F) shivering or chills feeling very weak or tired loss of appetite feeling sick or being sick Traveller's