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Introduction Milk intolerance
Milk intoleranceLactose intolerance is a common digestive problem where the body is unable to digest lactose, a type of sugar mainly found in milk and dairy products. Symptoms of lactose intoleranceusually develop within a few hours of consuming foodor drink that contains lactose. They may include: Wind (wind) diarrhoea bloated stomach stomach cramps
Causes of lactose intolerance Milk intolerance
Milk intoleranceLactose intolerance is usually the result of your body not producing enough lactase. Lactase is an enzyme (a protein that causes a chemical reaction to occur) normally produced in your small intestine that's used to digest lactose. If you have a lactase deficiency, it means your body doesn't produce enough lactase. Digesting lactose After
Causes of LEMS LEMS
LEMSLEMSis caused by the body's natural defences (theimmune system) mistakenly attacking and damaging the nerves. Normally, nerve signals travel down the nerves and stimulate the nerve endings to release a chemical called acetylcholine.This chemical then helps activate the muscles. If the nerve endings are damaged, the amount ofacetylcholine they
How laparoscopy is performed Laparoscopy
LaparoscopyLaparoscopy is performed under general anaesthetic , so you'll be unconscious during the procedure and have no memory of it. Youcan oftengo home on the same day. Preparation Depending on the type of laparoscopic procedure being performed, you'll usually be asked not to eat or drink anything for 6-12 hours beforehand. If you're taking
'The whole experience has changed my outlook on life' Renal transplant
Renal transplantWhen Dr Carole Angeldonated akidneytoher brother, Paul Whitaker, she was able to go home just 48 hours after surgery.Paul, a self-employed builder from Preston, was diagnosed with end-stage kidney failure in October 2001. "I was astonished to find out I had renal failure," he says. "After a series of headaches, I went to the optician because I
Symptoms of Klinefelter syndrome XXY (Klinefelter syndrome)
XXY (Klinefelter syndrome)Klinefelter syndrome doesn't usually cause any obvious symptoms early in childhood, and even the later symptoms may be difficult to spot. Many boys and men don't realise they have it. Possible features, which aren't always present, may include: inbabies and toddlerslearningto sit up, crawl, walk and talk later than usual, being weaker,
Torn ligament or tendon knee-pain
knee-painKnee painmay be caused by torn ligaments or tendons. Ligaments are tough bands of tissue that connect the bones at the knee joint; tendons connect the muscles to the bone.You can tear these tissues during running sports such as rugby or football. Injuredtendons or knee ligaments at the side of the knee may cause pain even when the knee is at
Osgood-Schlatter's disease knee-pain
knee-painIn teenagers and young adults, pain, swelling and tenderness in the bony lump just below the kneecap could be a sign ofOsgood-Schlatter's disease. This is a where the bone at the top of the lower leg becomes damaged during a growth spurt. It's relatively common in active children who participate in sports that involve running, jumping and
Causes of laryngeal cancer Laryngeal (larynx) cancer
Laryngeal (larynx) cancerLaryngeal cancer is caused by changes in the cells of the larynx, although it's not clear exactly why this happens.All cancers begin with a change ina cell'sDNA.DNA provides our cells with a basic set of instructions, such as when to grow and reproduce.A change inDNA can alter the instructions that control cell growth, which means cells continue
S ymptoms of knock knees Knock knees
Knock kneesIfsomeone with knock knees stands with their knees together, their lower legs will be spread out so their feet and ankles are further apart than normal. A small distance between the ankles is normal, but in people with knock knees this gap can be up to8cm (just over3 inches) or more. Knock knees don't usually cause any other problems, although a