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When laparoscopy is used Laparoscopy
LaparoscopyLaparoscopy is used to diagnose or treat numerous conditions. During the procedure, small surgical instruments and devices are inserted through small incisions. This helps your surgeon perform whatever surgical procedure needs to be carried out. Diagnosing conditions It's often possible to diagnose a condition using non-invasive methods, such as
When to see your GP knee-pain
knee-painYou should see your GP if: you cannot put weight on your knee at all you have severe pain even when you're not putting weight on it, such as at night your knee locks or painfully clicks (painless clicking is OK) your knee keeps giving way you're unable to fully bend or straighten your knee your knee looks deformed you have fever, redness
Knee replacement explained Knee replacement
Knee replacementKnee replacement surgery (arthroplasty)is aroutine operation that involves replacing a damaged, worn or diseased knee with an artificial joint. Adults of any age can be considered for a knee replacement, although most are carried out on people between the ages of 60 and 80. More people are now receiving this operation at a younger age.
Treatments forknock knees Knock knees
Knock kneesIn most cases, knock knees don't need to be treated because the problem tends to correct itself as a child grows. Your child doesn't need to avoid physical activity, wear supportive leg braces or shoes, or do any special exercises. Mild knock knees that persist into adulthood don't need tobe treated unless they're causing problems, such as knee
Introduction Kwashiorkor
KwashiorkorKwashiorkoris a severe form of Malnutrition . It's most common in some developing regions of the world where babies and children have a diet that lacks protein and other essential nutrients. The main sign of kwashiorkor is too much fluid in the body's tissues, which causes swelling under the skin (oedema) . It usually begins in the legs, but
Symptoms of kwashiorkor Kwashiorkor
KwashiorkorAs well as oedema, symptomsof kwashiorkor can include: loss of muscle mass an enlarged tummy ("pot belly") regular infections, or more serious or long-lasting infections than usual red, inflamed patches of skin that darken and peel or split open dry, brittle hair that falls out easily and may lose its colour failure to grow in height
What causes kwashiorkor? Kwashiorkor
KwashiorkorThe main cause of kwashiorkor is a lack of protein and otheressential nutrients, such as vitamins and minerals . It's most common in developing countries with a limited food supply, poor hygiene, and a lack ofeducation aboutthe importance of giving babies and children an adequate diet. Kwashiorkoris rare in developed countries such as the UK,
Diagnosing kwashiorkor Kwashiorkor
KwashiorkorKwashiorkor can often be diagnosed based on a child's physical appearance and questions about their diet and care. However, blood and urine tests may be carried out to rule out other conditions. This can include tests to: measure blood sugar and protein levels check how well the liver and kidneys are working by testing the urine and blood for
Recovering from laryngeal cancer surgery Laryngeal (larynx) cancer
Laryngeal (larynx) cancerIf you've had some or all of your larynx removed (laryngectomy), it's likely that you'll need to spend one or two days in an intensive care unit until you've recovered. You won't be able to eat until your throat has healed, which for most peopletakes at leasta week or two. While your throat heals, you'll need to be fed through a tube that's
Causes of laryngitis Laryngitis
LaryngitisLaryngitis occurs when the larynx (voice box) becomes irritated and swollen. It's usually caused by an infection or damage to the larynx. Infection Viral infections such as a Cold or flu are the most common type of infection associated with acute laryngitis. Rarer types of infection include: bacterial infections such as diphtheria fungal