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Thickened, overgrown nails Fingernail or toenail abnormalities
Fingernail or toenail abnormalitiesA common cause of thickened nails is a fungal nail infection . This can also cause them to discolour and become crumbly (see above). Other possible causes of thickened or overgrown nails are: psoriasis a long-term condition that tends to also cause red, flaky patches of skin long-termpressure from shoes that are either too small or too narrow
Introduction Legionnaires' disease
Legionnaires' diseaseLegionnaires disease is a serious lung infection caused by Legionella bacteria. Initial symptomsusuallyinclude flu-like symptoms , such as: mild headaches muscle pain high temperature (fever), usually 38C (100.4F) or above chills tiredness changes to your mental state, such as confusion Once bacteria begin to infect your lungs, you may
How doesLegionnaires disease spread? Legionnaires' disease
Legionnaires' diseaseLegionnaires disease is caused by Legionella bacteria infecting your lungs. It's usually caught by breathing in small droplets of contaminated water. The infection isn't contagious and can't be spread directly from person to person. Legionella bacteria isusually found (often in harmlessly low numbers) in sources of water, such as ponds, rivers
Diagnosis Leukaemia, acute lymphoblastic
Leukaemia, acute lymphoblasticThe first step in diagnosing acute lymphoblastic leukaemia is to check for physical signs of the condition, such as swollen glands, and to take a blood sample.If the blood sample contains a high number of abnormal white blood cells, it could be a sign of acute leukaemia. Your GP will refer you to a haematologist (a specialist in treating blood
Introduction Knee surgery, anterior cruciate ligament
Knee surgery, anterior cruciate ligamentIf you tear theanterior cruciate ligament (ACL) in your knee, you may need to have reconstructive surgery. The ACL is a tough band of tissue joining the thigh bone to the shin bone at the knee joint. It runs diagonally through the inside of the knee and gives the knee joint stability. It also helps to control the back-and-forth movement of
Bleeding into the joint knee-pain
knee-painAn injury that causes significant damage to the knee joint may cause bleeding into the joint spaces, known as haemarthrosis.This can happen if a cruciate ligament is torn or if there is a fracture to one of the bones of the knee. Signs of haemarthrosis are swelling of the knee, warmth, stiffness and bruising. You should go to hospital immediately
Gout knee-pain
knee-painIfyou experience sudden attacks of severe knee pain and yourkneealso becomesred and hot, the cause is likely to be gout , whichis atype of arthritis. Gout is caused by a build-up of uric acid (a waste product) in the body, which can form crystals in the joints. These crystals cause the joints to become inflamed and painful. Gout will cause
Treating labial fusion Labial fusion
Labial fusionA labial fusion or adhesion usually separates naturally without treatment. Treatment for labial fusion isn't recommended unless there are other symptoms, such as dribbling after urination, which may cause problems or discomfort. Treatment is with oestrogen cream or ointment applied daily or, very rarely, surgical separation. Oestrogen creams A
Diagnosis Liver cancer
Liver cancerFor many people, the first stage of diagnosing liver cancer is a consultation with a GP, although people at risk are usually tested regularly for the condition. If you visit your GP, they'll ask about your symptoms,when they started, and when they're noticeable. They'll also examine you. If they feelyou need further tests, you'll be referred to
Treatment Liver cancer
Liver cancerThe treatment for liver cancer depends on the stage of the condition. Treatment can include surgery and medication. Most hospitals use multidisciplinary teams (MDTs) to treat liver cancer. These are teams of specialists that work together to make decisions about the best way to proceed with your treatment. Deciding which treatment is best for